Caries and Periodontal Health Status of Prison Inmates in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the dental caries status (DMFT), periodontal status and dental treatment needs of prisoners in Benin City, Nigeria. Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey involving prison inmates in Benin City. Inmates were selected by systematic random sampling and data were collected by structured interview and clinical examination. Dental caries and periodontal status were assessed according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Results: Prevalence of dental caries was 45% with a mean DMFT of 1.15. The mean DMFT increase significantly with age (P = 0.038). Analysis of the 840 sextant examined revealed that healthy periodontal tissues and gingival bleeding were the most prevalent with values of 46% and 28% respectively. No sextant was excluded.  More females (18.2%) recorded healthy gingival tissues than males (3.9%). Deep pockets were significantly more likely in older inmates and those with lower frequency of tooth brushing. While oral hygiene instruction was required by 95% of the inmates, 87.9% needed scaling and polishing and most of the caries were not restored. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and high unmet dental needs among the prison population.